9. Personnel Expenses and Employee Numbers
Personnel expenses consisted of the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022 |
|
2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
€ million |
|
€ million |
Salaries |
|
(1,564) |
|
(1,743) |
Social expenses and expenses for pensions and other benefits |
|
(431) |
|
(398) |
of which for defined contribution pension plans |
|
(117) |
|
(113) |
of which for defined benefit and other pension plans |
|
(114) |
|
(64) |
Total |
|
(1,995) |
|
(2,141) |
Personnel expenses in fiscal year 2023 rose mainly due to higher expenses for short- and long-term variable compensation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022 |
|
2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Production |
|
11,757 |
|
11,955 |
Marketing and distribution |
|
3,281 |
|
2,881 |
Research and development |
|
1,485 |
|
1,376 |
General administration |
|
1,490 |
|
1,407 |
Total |
|
18,013 |
|
17,619 |
Employees in vocational training |
|
526 |
|
517 |
The number of permanent or temporary employees is stated in full-time equivalents. Part-time employees are included on a pro-rated basis in line with their contractual working hours. The figures do not include employees in vocational training.